Ukuze uqonde ukuvuza kwephampu eyi-centrifugal, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale uqonde ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwephampu eyi-centrifugal.Njengoba ukugeleza kungena ngeso le-impeller lepompo futhi kukhuphuke ama-vanes e-impeller, uketshezi luba nokucindezela okuphansi kanye nesivinini esiphansi.Lapho ukugeleza kudlula ku-volute, ingcindezi iyanda futhi isivinini siyakhula.Ukugeleza bese kuphuma ngokukhishwa, ngaleso sikhathi ukucindezela kuphezulu kodwa isivinini siyahamba.Ukugeleza okungena empompini kufanele kuphume empompini.Iphampu inika ikhanda (noma ingcindezi), okusho ukuthi inyusa amandla oketshezi lwepompo.
Okunye ukwehluleka kwengxenye yephampu eyi-centrifugal, njengokuhlanganisa, i-hydraulic, amajoyinti amile, nama-bearings, kuzobangela ukuthi lonke uhlelo luhluleke, kodwa cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalolunye akho konke ukwehluleka kwephampu kubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwedivayisi yokuvala.
ISIDINGO SEZIMPAWU ZEMISHINI
I-mechanical seal iyisisetshenziswa esisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuvuza phakathi kweshaft ezungezayo kanye nomkhumbi ogcwele uketshezi noma igesi.Isibopho sayo esikhulu ukulawula ukuvuza.Zonke izimvu zamanzi ziyavuza—kufanele zivuze ukuze kugcinwe ifilimu ewuketshezi phezu kwawo wonke ubuso be-mechanical seal.Ukuvuza okuphuma ohlangothini lomkhathi kuphansi kakhulu;ukuvuza ku-Hydrocarbon, isibonelo, kukalwa imitha ye-VOC ngezingxenye/isigidi.
Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezimpawu eziwumshini, onjiniyela ngokuvamile babevala iphampu ngokupakishwa ngomshini.Ukupakisha okuwumshini, uketshezi olune-fibrous ngokuvamile olufakwe isithambiso esinjenge-graphite, lwalusikwa lube izingxenye futhi lugxishwe kulokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi “ibhokisi lokunamathisela.”Indlala yokupakisha yabe yengezwa ku-
emuva ukuze upakishe konke phansi.Njengoba ukupakisha kuxhumene ngqo ne-shaft, kudinga ukugcoba, kodwa kusazophanga amandla amahhashi.
Ngokuvamile "indandatho yesibani" ivumela amanzi ashisayo ukuthi afakwe ekupakisheni.Lawo manzi, adingekayo ukuze kugcotshwe futhi kupholiswe i-shaft, azovuza phakathi nenqubo noma emkhathini.Ngokuya ngesicelo sakho, ungadinga:
• qondisa amanzi okugezwa kude nenqubo ukugwema ukungcola.
· Vimbela amanzi ashaywayo ukuthi angaqoqeki phansi (i-overspray), okuwukukhathazeka kwe-OSHA nokugcinwa kwendlu.
• vikela ibhokisi lokuthwala emanzini ashaywayo, angangcolisa uwoyela futhi ekugcineni aholele ekuhlulekeni kokuthwala.
Njengayo yonke iphampu, uzofuna ukuhlola iphampu yakho ukuze uthole izindleko zonyaka ezidingekayo ukuze usebenze.Ipompo yokupakisha ingase ithengeke ukuyifaka nokuyinakekela, kodwa uma ubala ukuthi mangaki amalitha amanzi ewasebenzisayo ngomzuzu noma ngonyaka, ungase umangale ngezindleko.Iphampu yomshini wokufaka uphawu ingase ikugcinele izindleko eziningi zonyaka.
Uma kubhekwa i-geometry evamile yophawu lwemishini, noma yikuphi lapho kukhona i-gasket noma i-o-ring, kuba khona indawo yokuvuza engase ibe khona:
· I-o-ring egugulekayo, egugile, noma enyakaziswayo (noma i-gasket) njengoba uphawu lukamshini luhamba.
· Ukungcola noma ukungcola phakathi kwezimpawu zemishini.
· Umsebenzi owenziwe ngaphandle kokuklama ngaphakathi kwezimpawu zemishini.
IZINHLOBO EZINHLANU ZOKUPHUMULA KWEDIVAYISI
Uma iphampu eyi-centrifugal ibonisa ukuvuza okungalawuleki, kufanele uhlole zonke izimbangela ezingase zibe khona ukuze uthole ukuthi udinga ukulungiswa noma ukufakwa okusha.
1. Ukwehluleka Ukusebenza
Ukunganaki Iphuzu Lokusebenza Okungcono Kakhulu: Ingabe usebenzisa iphampu ku-Best Efficiency Point (BEP) kwijika lokusebenza?Iphampu ngayinye iklanywe nge-a
ethize Efficiency Point.Uma usebenzisa iphampu ngaphandle kwaleso sifunda, udala izinkinga ngokugeleza okubangela ukuthi isistimu ihluleke.
I-Insufficient Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH): Uma ungenayo inhloko yokuncela eyanele empompini yakho, umhlangano ojikelezayo ungase ungagxili, ubangele i-cavitation, futhi uphumele ekuhlulekeni kophawu.
I-Operating Dead-Head: Uma usetha i-valve yokulawula iphansi kakhulu ukuze ucindezele iphampu, ungaminyanisa ukugeleza.Ukugeleza okuminyanisiwe kubangela ukujikeleza kabusha ngaphakathi kwepompo, okukhiqiza ukushisa futhi kukhuthaze ukwehluleka kwezimpawu.
I-Dry Running & Ne-Venting Engafanele Ye-Seal: Iphampu eqondile iyona esengozini kakhulu njengoba uphawu lwemishini lubekwe phezulu.Uma unomoya ongafanele, umoya ungavaleleka eduze kwesigxivizo futhi ngeke ukwazi ukukhipha ibhokisi lokugxusha.Uphawu lomshini luzohluleka maduzane uma ipompo iqhubeka nokusebenza kulesi simo.
I-Low Vapor Margin: Lezi uketshezi olukhanyayo;ama-hydrocarbon ashisayo azokhanya uma evezwe ezimweni zomoya.Njengoba ifilimu ewuketshezi idlula ocingweni lomshini, ingakhanya ohlangothini lomkhathi futhi ibangele ukwehluleka.Lokhu kwehluleka kuvame ukwenzeka ngezinhlelo zokuphakela kubhayela—amanzi ashisayo ku-250-280ºF flash nokwehla kwengcindezi ebusweni bophawu.
2. Ukwehluleka Kwemishini
Ukungalungi kahle kwe-shaft, ukungalingani kokuhlanganisa, nokungalingani kwe-impeller konke kungaba nomthelela ekuhlulekeni kophawu lwemishini.Ukwengeza, ngemva kokufakwa kwepompo, uma unamapayipi angalungile aboshwe kuwo, uzofaka ubunzima obuningi epompo.Kudingeka futhi ugweme isisekelo esibi: Ingabe isisekelo sivikelekile?Ingabe ihlutshiwe kahle?Ingabe unonyawo oluthambile?Ingabe iboshwe ngendlela efanele?Futhi ekugcineni, hlola ama-bearings.Uma ukubekezelelana kwama-bearings kugqoka okuncane, ama-shafts azohamba futhi abangele ukudlidliza epompo.
3. Ukwehluleka Kwengxenye Yesici
Ingabe unayo i-tribological enhle (isifundo sokungqubuzana)?Ingabe ukhethe inhlanganisela efanele yokubhekana nayo?Kuthiwani ngekhwalithi yempahla yobuso be-seal?Ingabe izinto zakho ezisetshenziswayo zifanele isicelo sakho esithile?Ingabe uzikhethile izimpawu zesibili ezifanele, njengama-gaskets nama-o-rings, alungiselelwa ukuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali nokushisa?Iziphethu zakho akufanele zivaleke noma izifutho zakho zigqwale.Okokugcina, qaphela ukuhlanekezelwa kobuso ngenxa yengcindezi noma ukushisa, njengoba uphawu olusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu luzokhothama, futhi iphrofayili esontekile ingabangela ukuvuza.
4. Ukwehluleka Kwedizayini Yesistimu
Udinga ilungiselelo elifanele le-seal flush, kanye nokupholisa okwanele.Amasistimu akabili anoketshezi oluvimbelayo;ibhodwe elisizayo lokuvala uphawu lidinga ukuba sendaweni efanele, nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifanele kanye namapayipi.Udinga ukucabangela Ubude Bepayipi Eliqondile Ekudonseni—amanye amasistimu epompo amadala avame ukuza njenge-skid epakishiwe ahlanganisa indololwane engu-90º ekumunceni ngaphambi kokuba ukugeleza kungene esweni eligxilile.Indololwane idala ukugeleza okuyaluzayo okudala ukungazinzi emhlanganweni ojikelezayo.Wonke amapayipi okudonsa/akhiphayo kanye nawokudlula adinga ukwakhiwa ngendlela efanele, ikakhulukazi uma amanye amapayipi eke elungiswa esikhathini esithile phakathi neminyaka.
5. Konke Okunye
Ezinye izici ezihlukene zenza cishe amaphesenti angu-8 akho konke ukwehluleka.Isibonelo, amasistimu asizayo ngezinye izikhathi ayadingeka ukuze ahlinzeke ngendawo yokusebenza eyamukelekayo yophawu lwemishini.Ukuze ubhekisele kumasistimu akabili, udinga uketshezi olusizayo ukuze usebenze njengesithiyo esivimbela ukungcoliswa noma ukucubungula uketshezi ukuthi lungachitheki endaweni ezungezile.Nokho, kubasebenzisi abaningi, ukukhuluma ngesinye sezigaba ezine zokuqala kuzoba nesixazululo abasidingayo.
ISIPHETHO
Izigxivizo zemishini ziyisici esikhulu ekuthembekeni kwemishini ejikelezayo.Banesibopho sokuvuza nokwehluleka kwesistimu, kodwa futhi bakhombisa izinkinga ezingagcina zidale umonakalo omkhulu emgwaqeni.Ukuthembeka kwe-seal kuthinteka kakhulu umklamo we-seal kanye nendawo yokusebenza.
NguFrank Rotello, unjiniyela wemishini yeCummins-Wagner Co.,Inc.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-04-2022